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Breaking Codes with Statistics
3 posts tagged Breaking Codes with Statistics.
William Friedman: when codebreaking became a science
Around 1920, William Friedman showed how counting coincidences between letters could break ciphers, and brought rigorous statistics into codebreaking.
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Babbage, Kasiski and the Vigenère cipher: how it fell
For centuries the Vigenère cipher was called indecipherable. Then Babbage and Kasiski found that its repeats reveal the key.
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Al-Kindi and frequency analysis: the first codebreaker
In ninth-century Baghdad, al-Kindi wrote the earliest surviving guide to breaking ciphers. His key insight: letters give themselves away.
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